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In the early days of our Nation all of the roads were privately owned.  Businessmen usually owned and maintained a few miles of highway, upgrading the surface with rocks and logs,  and charged people to use their road.  You could travel down the road for about 10 miles and then you would find a pike (pole) across the road.  You had to pay a toll to the road's owner to continue further.  After you paid him  he would turn the pike and let you pass.  These became known as:

Golf Courses

  Truck Stops

In 1812 construction began on the first National Highway at Cumberland Maryland.  The United States Government built and maintained this and, eventually, other roads like it. .   There were no costs or tolls for these highways.....they were free.  Thus they became known as:

  Breezeways

  Freeways

One American President refused to put a period (.) behind his middle initial.  That is because his middle initial didn't stand for anything.  His parents couldn't decide whether to give him the middle name of SHIPPER for his paternal grandfather, or SOLOMON to name him after his maternal grandfather.  To compromise they simply gave him a middle letter (not an initial) to honor both grandfathers.  What president was it:

Ulysses S. Grant

Harry S Truman

Gerald R. Ford

James Smithson was the illegitimate son of British Royalty, born in 1765.  Because of the nature of his birth he was denied his right to a royal title.  He became a successful chemist and always stated that his name would outlive that of his royal ancesters who had refused to grant him title.  When Smithson died in 1829 in Genoa, Italy, his will called for the United States, a country he had never even visited, to receive a half-million dollars for "an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge."  James Smithson's name outlived his royal ancestors and is widely recognized even today, for that half-million dollars was used to create:

Smithsonian Institution

RFK Stadium

Webster's Dictionary

3 1/2" Floppies

  Two out of every three residents of the state are mathematicians.

  Most residents prefer "sugar substitutes" in their coffee.

  It granted women the right to vote in 1869, fifty years before the 19th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified and in 1924 became the first state to elect a woman to the office of Governor.

Elbridge Gerry was an early American leader and a signer of both the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.  After serving in Congress and as Governor of Massachusetts, he became vice president under James Madison.  In 1812, as Governor of Massachusetts,  he signed a law redistricting the voting population in such a way that a Democratic - Republican majority was elected to the state senate.  Upon seeing the way the district looked on the map, one person  commented that it looked like a salamander.   A new political term for the process was coined when another responded, "No, it's a:

Gerrymander

Pocket Veto

Fillibuster

Lame Duck

Each of our 50 United States have their own, individual State flag.  In most ways they are often very similar (State Seals, State mottos, etc).  One State is unlike any other.  That is because it is the ONLY STATE to have a flag that has a different design on the back of the flag.  (All other state flags look the same regardless of which side you are looking at.)  At the right is a picture of the two sides of this unique state flag.  Is it the State flag of:

California

Kansas

Oregon

PRO is the opposite of CON

Pro and con are PREFIXES that are used with other words.  Pro indicates a positive (as in "PROmotion), and con indicates a negative (as in CONfession).  They are complete opposites.  Therefore:

The opposite of PROGRESS is

  Convict

  Convince

  Connecticut

  Congress

One of the single greatest United States victories of World War II came in Germany in December, 1944.   Before victory was won, however, things didn't look too good.  Soldiers of the 101st Infantry Division were surrounded at Bastone, a small city in Belgium.  During the darkest hours of what would become known as The Battle of the Bulge, the German commander sent the surrounded American soldiers a message encouraging them to surrender.   U.S. General Anthony C. McAuliffe responded with one of the most famous, ONE WORD replies in history.  His response was:

         Praise the Lord and pass the Ammunition

  I have not yet begun to fight!           NUTS!

The name TEXAS comes from an Indian word ("techas" or "tejas") meaning friends or friendly people.   Known as the "Lone Star State", Texas is the largest of the 48 continental United States (Alaska is larger), and was admitted to the Union in 1845 as our 28th state.  The capitol of Texas is Austin, named for STEPHEN AUSTIN, a leader in Texas fight for independence from Mexico.  With the sole exception of Florida, Texas is our southern most state.  Find Texas on the map.