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Late in 1872 a Modoc chief called "Captain Jack" and sixty warriors, refusing to relocate to their Oregon reservation, attacked a small Army detachment at Lost River, then killed several White settlers, before returning to the sanctuary of their native land, 32 miles of volcanic caverns and cliffs at Lava Beds, California. On January 17, 1973 Major John Green led a cavalry detachment to dislodge the Modoc force and return them to the reservation. Under cover of a heavy morning fog and confused in the maze of natural fortifications in the Lava Beds, Major Green's forces came under a blistering attack that killed or wounded many soldiers and caused the remainder to break ranks and lose combat discipline. Two soldiers made a valiant but unsuccessful attempt to rescue a wounded soldier who lay under a close and heavy fire, both of them being wounded in the effort. Despite the previous failures with its consequences, and heedless of the continuing fire from the hidden Modoc warriors, Contract Surgeon John Skinner left shelter to rescue the wounded soldier. Major John Green was also awarded the Medal of Honor in this action.
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