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Oscar Fitzalan Long


U.S. Army
Medal Of Honor, Indian Campaigns

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During the summer and early fall of 1877 the U.S. Cavalry was in pursuit of Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce Indian tribe as they attempted to cross through Montana and reach Canada. After numerous battles, including the battle of the Little Big Hole in early August, the Cavalry found it difficult to follow and locate Chief Joseph and his traveling tribe. After a forced march of several days, the Indian camp was located near Bear Paw Mountain, where the final battle that lead to the surrender of the Nez Perce nation occurred on September 30. When a troop of cavalry was ordered to advance into a heavy enemy fire and both officers were killed, Second Lieutenant Long voluntarily assumed command and led the charge, earning the Medal of Honor for his heroic leadership in the face of intense enemy fire. He was one of nine men awarded the Medal of Honor in the battle of Bear Paw Mountain.
Oscar Long graduated from the US Military Academy at West Point, Class of 1876.

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